📂 Navigation
pwd
Show your current location
ls
List files in the current folder
ls -la
Show detailed list (including hidden files)
cd foldername
Move into a folder
cd ..
Go up one level
📁 Files & Folders
mkdir foldername
Create a folder
touch filename
Create an empty file
cp file1 file2
Copy a file
mv file1 file2
Move or rename a file
rm filename
Delete a file
rm -r foldername
Delete a folder and contents
📖 Viewing Files
cat filename
Print file contents
less filename
Scroll through a file
nano filename
Edit a file (beginner friendly)
🔐 Permissions
chmod 755 file
Set file permissions
chown user:user file
Change file owner
🌐 Networking
ssh user@ip
Connect to another machine
scp file user@ip:/path
Copy file to another machine
ping google.com
Test connectivity
🖥️ System Info
top
Live system usage
df -h
Disk usage
free -h
Memory usage
🧠 Tip
You don’t need to memorize everything. Most real workflows reuse the same 10–15 commands over and over.
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